Bioremediation Procedures of Crude Oil Impacted Soil Essay

Bioremediation Procedures of Crude Oil Impacted Soil - Essay Example Some features of the spill location show the characteristics usually associated with a priority spill of toxic substance; a spill that seeps down through the subsurface strata and then comes into contact and interaction with the groundwater.   The entire description of the ecosystem and environment where the spill occurred is a rather complex question. Map inferences and a consultation of the USGS Ground Water Atlas infer that the contamination would, because of the largely rural character, spread more readily through the food chain and have a greater impact than when such a spill would occur in predominantly non-rural locations. This is by reason of the greater saturation possible where a rural area presents less paved and therefore sealed off superficial surface runoff, situations.   First, the groundwater flow direction is determined by drilling two or more wells. A non-toxic stain is made to suggest the velocity of groundwater flow, and the testing reveals the contaminant character and concentration. This site today has well upwards of 75 wells that all have data that is constantly changing. Concentrations that are available for wells 604b (years: 1987, 90, 92, 93 and 95); 532c (1986, 87, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95), would be fairly good indicators of both groundwater flow direction and extent of contamination spread because they are separated by a reasonable distance and lie   in the line of predominant groundwater flow. The contaminants recorded are: benzene, toluene; m, p-Xylene; o-Xylene; isopropylbenzene; and Dissolved oxygen, and are parameters which can suggest the effectiveness of the bioremediation. The idea is that aerobic rather than anaerobic processes are predominant. The rationale for this is that where the contaminant concentrations go to zero the Dissolved oxygen concentration increases.

South Koreas Policy towards North Korea Essay Example for Free

South Koreas Policy towards North Korea Essay The purpose of this essay to address issues concerned with foreign policy of one state over another. In this paper the main concern is South Korea’s policy toward North Korea with emphasis on brief history of past and present foreign policy. A brief description of the Korean government gives clarifications about historical and cultural highlights. The Korean Peninsula was initially populated by Tungusic people who originated from Asia. One major outstanding feature of the Koreans is the homogeneity of their race and language. Korea has been influenced, invaded and fought over by its neighbors throughout its history. Historically, the critical point is the forced separation that lies between south and North Korea. South Korea is a democratic government while North Korea is a communist government. The stable relationship between U. S and North Korea closely relates to existence of stability between North and South Korea. Since the Korean war North Korea has remained to be hostile to the entire world and especially United States. Over the decades the policy of dealing with North Korea changed in correspondence to diplomacy and other key foreign policies. The relationship between North Korea and South Korea which was initiated by the U. S government under grids its foreign policy. Since the Korean War, the North and South Korea have had bad political experience. Recently, North Korea has developed mixed policy to create economic relations with South Korea. At the same time, North Korea seeks to denounce security relationship with U. S and to win support of South Korea. The rot cause of division between the North and South was the military demarcation. It is held that the military demarcation line is a temporary but not a permanent administrative line. At the time of postwar period, both Korean governments confirmed their desire to reunify the Korean Peninsula but this was never implemented (Mo, 2007). The unification process took along way through participation of different governmental, political and humanitarian agencies. South Korea agreed dialogue with the North and this promoted the establishment of foreign policies that promoted international forums. A major concern between the North and south was to deal with security issues. Major development in matters of reconciliation, cooperation, exchanges and nonaggression was established. The establishment of such developments led to implementation of basic agreements. A joint declaration was made to promote peace which prevented the South and North from manufacturing, testing, storing, receiving, possessing, using and deploying nuclear weapons. Possession of uranium enrichment facilities was also forbidden and this has been made possible through establishment of inter-Korean inspection unit. The possession of nuclear weapons worsened the position between the North and south. The North nuclear program was a major issue in North and South Korea relationship. When North Korea blocked IAEA from inspecting two suspected nuclear waste sites the condition worsened. The involvement of foreign powers especially United States led to establishment of agreements in nuclear matters. The agreed frame work was not long lasting a North Korea was discovered to be pursuing uranium enrichment programs related to nuclear weapons. A new policy of engagement called Sunshine Policy which had three fundamental policies was established. The principles included no tolerance of provocations from North, no intention to absorb the North and separation of political cooperation from economic cooperation. The private sector was based on commercial and humanitarian considerations. This also led to reciprocity which was influenced entirely by the use of government resources. The South Korea policy towards North Korea was enhanced by proper administration and governance. Proper foreign policies administered towards North Korea led to the current situation. One major critical issue to be addressed is the Sunshine policy which aimed at engaging the Korean government into peaceful coexistence. A major consideration in this policy requires for patience and long time horizons clearly manifested in South Korean government. The political structure of South Korea government was strong and this led to empowerment of the North. Although there has been different view points relating the way of governance in South Korea, the cold war, influence of international politics and threat from North Korea had far reaching implications. Internal factors also contributed a big percentage in correspondence to political structure of South Korea. Observation of traditional repressive rule contributed as part of internal factors in addition to ideological rigidity and authoritarian practices. The desire for unification initiated by South Korea government was made possible through gradual exploration and functionalist considerations. The approaches applied by South Korea government contributed a big percentage in unification of South and North Korea. A major concern about the national goals and interest was democratization and focus of the opposition. Gradual creation of a link between struggle fore democracy and unification desire led to development of positive measures that led massive growth of the middle class. Achievement of democracy in South Korea was influenced by economic security, postponement of unification and prolonged dictatorial rule (Mo, 2007). It was seen as the first step towards democratization which was an essential in promotion of peace and unification. The presidential tenure of Kim determined the establishment of new era of reconciliation and cooperation with North Korea. As a long term leader in Southern Korea, President Kim established democratic forces. He built his leadership power on the successes of his predecessors without experiencing problems of political constraints and military back ground. Withdrawal of North Korea from Nuclear Non—proliferation treaty led to a major crisis. Failure to integrate strong policies about unification and democratization jeopardized his governance. President Kim had to device policies which could safeguard his leadership and he opted to merge his party with conservatives. However, his policies about social and cultural transition critically led to improvement in policy process. Three broad policy options that South Korea traded to North Korea such as the Sunshine policy, rule of reciprocity and raise of humanitarian issues had great influence in unification of the south and North Korea. The sunshine policy aimed at pressurizing North Korea to give up its nuclear arsenal for purpose of democratic development and unification. The prevailing assumptions and conditions put in place through establishment of the sunshine policy aimed at weakening North Koreas broader economy. The sunshine policy aimed at receiving peace and unification between the North and the South. Coexistence is one of the most important aspects which promote the future relationship of North and South Korea. The three principles clearly denounce the unification process as the two push for reconciliation and cooperation. Two major considerations are paramount in trying to achieve a successful unification. First, the use of force by the governments will not amount to unification and thus a strong defense posture should be incorporated. Recognition of a strong deterrent is the fist priority which aims at maintaining a national defense capacity. As second measure is promotion of an atmosphere that helps Pyongyang to enforce reforms that will bring changes (Mo, 2007). Through this development South Korea government has made it clear that its intention is not to absorb the North. The rule of reciprocity is another broad policy option by the south to the North. This rule is simple and simply means that do for others what you expect or want them to do for you. In this aspect South Korea proposed policies that were easy to implement and promoted the rights of the North. It is a humanitarian rule that protects the fundamental rights of other individuals without interfering with their operations. A third policy option is the raise of humanitarian issues such as provision of basic requirements in the aspect of politics, economic and religion. It is a policy that aimed at bringing together individuals without dictatorship or the use of force. The sunshine policy is the most outstanding option among the others which led to proper unification and cooperation of the North and South. The Sunshine policy provides an environment that promotes application of governance policies and encourage the North to come out of its political cocoons. It aims at engaging the Pyongyang to a safe place with the objective of convincing the concerned parties to reconcile and achieve permanent peace. Reunification is the most critical aspect of national objective for the Koreans. This is only achievable after confronting the effects of the Cold war. A half century distrust and enmity that existed between the two states was replaced through the Sunshine policy. A major concern was implementation of policies that led to reconciliation and cooperation for purpose of peaceful coexistence (Mo, 2007). A mutual trust has thus been established that promotes peace and unity without intimidation of one state by another. The government is very concerned through implementation of the Sunshine Policy about the benefits the North expects from the South. Application of hostile and blockade policies would only result to a worse situation of political and military confrontation. This was not the objective of the South as political tension would result to a burden in the two sides. In addition in the case the North Korea could collapse as a result of blockade the cost of care would go up. The success of the Sunshine policy is as a result of massive support from foreign forces such as the U. S, china and neighboring countries. The three principles governing the Sunshine policy had positive implications in acquisition of peace and reconciliation. Some of the merits of this policy include first, the policy received a lot of support and this led to economic assistance to North Korea during the time of food shortage. This made it possible to encourage North Korea about the benefits of unification and democratization. It promoted the desire to reach many Koreans for purpose of coexistence a vital element in unification. A second advantage of the policy was promotion of future economic policy. The future development of North Korea was enhanced through adoption of the Sunshine policy which strengthened political structure and existence of peace (Mo, 20070. Through establishment of strong policies such as strict restriction of armed provocation was a\n important consideration for purpose of unification. The sunshine policy also had advantages in that it protected the South from absorbing the North which promoted independence. The Sunshine Policy resulted to cooperation of the South and North which was one of the main principles of the policy option. On the other hand, the sunshine policy had certain drawbacks. First, after the nuclear and missile tests, South Korea suspended aid to the North and put their military on high alert. This had far reaching effects on a growing economy. Withdrawal of aid at this stage resulted to establishment of barriers that prevented other states from providing aid of any kind to the North. A second draw back is the Sunshine policy was proposed for purpose of political gain of the South. It is criticized as a policy that led to continuous provocations and criminal activities that saw many individual lose their lives. In this aspect the policy was against humanitarian provisions of protecting individuals. References Mo, J. (2007). What Does South Korea Want? Policy Review. Vol. , p. 6-35

How the Characters in Much Ado About Nothing Learn to Love Essay

How the Characters in Much Ado About Nothing Learn to Love  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The title of Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing has sparked scholarly debates about its meaning for centuries.   Some say it is a play on the term â€Å"noting†, revolving around the theme of all sorts of deceptions by all sorts of appearances (Rossiter 163).   Others claim it has more to do with everyone making a fuss about things that turn out to be false, therefore, nothing (Vaughn 102).   Regardless of these speculations, there is something rather profound going on in the play that is worth making a big deal about: four characters in the play learn about love, and eventually, how to love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The four characters that learn the art of love are Beatrice, Benedick, Claudio and Hero.   From the first viewing/reading of the play, Claudio and Hero seem to be the main focus.   However, looking deeper into the entire play, and/or if you read any scholarship on Much Ado About Nothing, the true fascinating plotline involves Beatrice and Benedick. The main difference between these two couples involves how they learn the art of love.   At the beginning of the play, Claudio is the first one out of all the lovers to express his affections for someone else; however, he seems to have the weakest grasp on the concept of love compared to everyone else.   Claudio hints of his growing feelings for Hero when he asks Benedick what he thinks of her (I.i.161).   Benedick, who has a disdain for marriage, is not very helpful to Claudio.   However, he does manage to draw out of Claudio the reason for his inquiry: â€Å"In mine eye, she is the sweetest lady that ever I look’d on† (I.i.188). This first glimpse into Claudio’s heart reveals mostly shallowness.   His first words... ...ial Identity and Masculinity in Much Ado About Nothing† Upstart Crow 16, (1996): 31-47.    Much Ado About Nothing.   Directed by Kenneth Branagh.   Samuel Goldwyn Company and Renaissance Films, 1993.    Much Ado About Nothing.   The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed.   Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997.   366-398.    Prouty, Charles A.   The Sources of Much Ado About Nothing. New York: Books for Libraries Press/Yale University Press, 1950.    Ranald, Margaret Loftus.   â€Å" 'As Marriage Binds, and Blood Breaks': English Marriage and Shakespeare† Shakespeare Quarterly 30, (1979): 68-81.    Rossiter, A.P. â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing.†   William Shakespeare Comedies & Romances. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986.    Vaughn, Jack A. Shakespeare’s Comedies.   New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1980      

Cosmo Thinks I’M Fat: Images of Feminity in Women’s Magazines

Cosmopolitan magazine is â€Å"the lifestylist for millions of fun fearless females who want to be the best they can be in every area of their lives. † The best-selling magazine in its category, Cosmopolitan has 58 international editions, is published in 34 languages and is distributed in over 100 countries. Despite its popularity, a number of leading researchers have suggested that the material presented in these magazines can be damaging to the mental state of its readers in numerous ways.After examining the latest issue of Cosmopolitan magazine, it appears that while there are several examples of degrading advertisements and features a majority of the ads are neutral or positive in tone and help define a more modern, feminist woman. The November 2010 issue of Cosmopolitan definitely displayed a number of advertisements that displayed overtly sexualized images of women. One ad for Skyy Vodka showed a bottle of the vodka situated suggestively between the legs of a woman weari ng red leather boots.An article about Kary Perry has her laying in bed with ample cleavage with a caption reading â€Å"This cleavage is Cosmo-approved. † Jean Kilbourne contends that advertising content can affect people in deep and possibly hurtful ways. â€Å"Sex in advertisting is pornographic because it dehumanizes and objectifies people, especially women. † (Kilbourne) When people are constantly bombarded with images of objectified people–whether men or women–they are conditioned to see each other in dehumanizing ways.This means that the attitudes that can lead to sexual aggression are normalized. Kilbourne maintains that â€Å"Ads don’t directly cause violence, of course. But the violent images contribute to the state of terror. And objectification and disconnection create a climate in which there is widespread and increasing violence. † Kilbourne shows concerns about two trends in fashion and advertising that she cites as cultural re actions to the women’s movement. The first is the increase in images of violence against women.This is seen in an ad for Belvedere Vodka that depicts a woman blindfolded being led to a martini glass with a toothpick with two olives-a phallic representation. The second reaction Kilbourne notes is the increase of violent images depicting children–especially young girls. An ad for JC Penny showed two very youthful models dressed as young school girls ad looking vulnerable. These ads seem to suggest that the age of the objectification of women does still exist within the advertising world.Although some parts of the magazine may have objectified women featured, there were actually more displaying positive female role models. Advertisements for Dove body mist and deodorant portrayed women of different healthy weights, shapes and ethnicities- not for sexual gratification but to show confidence. Their contender, Secret, used the motto â€Å"When you’re strong, you spar kle. † However, the most positive image might have come from the Nike â€Å"Make Yourself† campaign. There were two ads from this campaign in the latest issue of Cosmo.The first read â€Å"Make yourself- Strong† and showed an image of Olympic Track and Field Medalist Allyson Felix. The second read Make Yourself Proud and featured professional dancer Sofia Boutella. This grouping provides a diversity called for by Wolf If the icon of the anorexic fashion model were one flat image out of a full spectrum in which young girls could find a thousand wild and tantalizing visions of possible futures, the icon would not have the power to hurt them. What this suggests is that even though there were some negative images, the range of role odels helps to allow women to find whatever they need to find themselves within the pages of the magazine. According to Kilbourne, our culture defines femininity and masculinity in a way that narrows accepted gender roles. The popular cult ure usually trivializes [relational skills] in women, mocks men who have real intimacy with women and idealizes a template for relationships between men and women that is a recipe for disaster: a template that views sex as more important than anything else, that ridicules men who are not in control of their women, and that disparages fidelity and commitment.These stereotypes of masculinity are found over and over throughout the magazine. A story about Alex Rodriquez reads â€Å"Right now, there’s no guy sexier than A-Rod. Baseball fans are obsessed with him, and three of Hollywood’s most gorgeous women have fallen for him. † Some other comments throughout the magazine bring to mind disturbing images if they had been aimed at women rather than men. ? Brad Pitt: It’s hard to tell who has more testosterone: Brad or his chisled Megamind character Metroman ? Chris Pine: He’s starring in this month’saction packed flick Unstoppable Oh, did e mentio n he takes his shirt off too? ? Fernando Verdasco: Speaking of shirtlessness, this top-ranked tennis hunk has been posting pec-tastic images of himself on Twitter ? Enrique Iglesias- We have mixed feelings about the fact that he used a fan’s camera during a concert to take a shot of his crotch. Rude! But can we see it? In a context where the subjects were women these comments would be extremely unnerving. The significance of these observations appears to show that while the objectification of women may be on the decline, it is on the incline for men.The fight for equality is succeeding, to the detriment of the male gender. Unfortunately, even Kilbourne minimizes the effect that this can have on men. There is a world of difference between the objectification of men and that of women. The most important difference is that there is no danger for most men, whereas objectified women are always at risk. Sometimes risks are more than just physical. Also, the assumption that all men are larger and/or stronger than women seems just as narrow as many other assumptions made in the past.

Analysis of Two Views of the River by Mark Twain Essay

Wisdom and knowledge takes the poetry from our hearts.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Two Views of the River† is an essay that depicts the passing over of an individual from innocence to wisdom and how things loose their significance when they cease to be something new, and later on, what we thought we wanted will become something trivial and insignificant in our eyes as we discover what it truly is. The way Mark Twain said â€Å"the language of the water† reminds me of things in our lives, perhaps trades that we are trying to become the world’s experts of. Indeed, we try to work on our goals and become as great as we could be. We learn every facet of that object, as the river was to him. Referring to his mentioning of romance, it is comparable to falling in love. When people fall in love, they are in a fantasy world where everything is seen in rose-tinted glasses. Seeing only all the wonders of that world and refusing to see all the bad side. Once the glasses are removed, you can still remember all the memories and reminiscing all the thrills and happiness that those memories made you feel just as he recalled the way he was when he first fell in love with the river. When he learned everything he wanted to know, he discovered that what he has found was something worthy but in the process, he lost a part of himself that he could never ever regain nor recapture again and perhaps it is his ability to dream. What he has found disillusioned him. But then he remembers the way he was and the way he used to view things. All the beauty he once saw has turned jaded. It is perhaps his perspective that changed but even, it makes him sad to realize that. Maybe, he also realized that he has become cynical, if you will view his loss of passion in relation to life, politics even. He was reminiscing the way he had first seen the river, like someone â€Å"bewitched† and in awe of all the beauty that he saw and he said that instead of seeing the beauty of it, he should have seen the harm it could do. But then, he said that he slowly saw the beauty in a different light or maybe, he started to take that beauty for granted. In life, there are many times when we get disillusioned. We follow dreams and fantasies as though they are the best thing on earth, only to realize later on that the dream was never quite the way we envisioned it once it turns into reality. A lot of times, people get so absorbed in the chase of one rainbow after another to realize what they really want, in much the same way that in an individual’s pursuit of knowledge in his field of passion, they eventually loose their enthusiasm. There were cause and contrast in Twain’s essay which could be seen in the way he described the river, which differs from the way he described it as someone you would call naà ¯ve to his next paragraph, which I would interpret as a man who has gained knowledge and was disillusioned by that knowledge. In view of life, it is like the passing over of humans and learning the harsh facts of life. The world is still the great place that we know it is, and life is still a precious jewel that matters more than anything in this world. But in our daily lives, we forget to stand back and see the world’s beauty because we have encountered its dark pits, in much the same way that we find life so hard to appreciate because of the irony and unfairness of it. Mankind was all born idealists and optimists, but eventually, that idealism and optimism is lost as the person goes through the hardships of life. The experiences will teach him a great many things and it will leave him equipped to handle the obstacles that he has encountered in the past and overcome the obstacles of the present. But this will take some of the beauty from his eyes. Viewing the essay in different angles and in relation to aspects of society and humanity, it is indeed easier to remain innocent and left with our dreams and not know of all the dark angles because knowing can only hurt as dreams are indeed better than reality.